Edelmiro Julián Farrell 1944-1946 (+1980) military Juan Domingo Perón Sosa 1946-1955 (+1974) PP (1) Eduardo Lonardi 1955 (+1956) military Pedro Eugenio Aramburu 1955-1958 (+1970)A military Arturo Frondizi 1958-1962 (+1995) UCR (I) José María Guido 1962-1963 (+1975) military Arturo Umberto Illía 1963-1966 (+1983) UCR (P) Juan Carlos Onganía 1966-1970 (+1995) military Roberto Marcelo Levingston 1970-1971 military Alejandro Agustín Lanusse Gelly 1971-1973 (+1996) military Héctor José Cámpora 1973 (+1980) FREJULI Raúl Alberto Lastiri 1973 (+1978) civilian (acting) Juan Domingo Perón Sosa 1973-1974 (+) PJ María Estela Martínez de Perón 1974-1976 PJ Jorge Rafael Videla 1976-1981 military (2) Roberto Eduardo Viola 1981 (+1994) military (3) Horacio Tomás Liendo 1981 military (3) (interim) Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri 1981-1982 military (3) Alfredo Óscar Saint-Jean 1982 military (3) (interim) Reynaldo Benito Bignone 1982-1983 military (4) Raúl Alfonsín Foulkes 1983-1989 UCR Carlos Saúl Menem Akil 1989- PJ
(2) 1st military junta (1976-79) members: Jorge Rafael Videla (Army comm. to 1978, gone on as civilian president); Orlando Ramón Agosti (Air Force comm.); Emilio Massera (Navy comm. to 1978)
(3) 2nd military junta (1979-82) members: Roberto Eduardo Viola (Army comm. 1978-81, from 1981 Leopoldo Fortunato Galtieri); Omar Graffigna (Air Force comm.); Armando Lambruschini (Navy comm. 1978-82)
(4) 3rd military junta (1982-83) members: Cristino Nicolaides (Army comm.); Basilio Lami Dozo (Air Force comm., from 1982 Augusto Jorge Hughes); Jorge Anaya (Navy comm., from 1982 Rubén Franco)
LYNDEN OSCAR PINDLING 1973-1992 HUBERT INGRAHAM 1992-
ERROL BARROW 1966-1976 (+1987) J. M. G. ADAMS 1976-1985 (+) BERNARD ST. JOHN 1985-1986 ERROL BARROW 1986-1987 (+) ERSKINE SANDIFORD 1987-1994 OWEN ARTHUR 1994-
George Price 1981-1984 PUP Manuel Esquivel 1984-1989 UDP George Price 1989-1993 PUP Manuel Esquivel 1993- UDP
Gualberto Villarroel 1943-1946 (+)C military Néstor Guillén 1946 ? civilian Tomás Monge Gutiérrez 1946-1947 ? military Enrique Hertzog Garaizábal 1947-1949 (+1980) civilian Mamerto Urriolagoitia 1949-1951 ? civilian Hugo Ballivián Rojas 1951-1952 ? military Víctor Paz Estenssoro 1952-1956 MNR Hernán Siles Zuazo 1956-1960 (+1996) MNR Víctor Paz Estenssoro 1960-1964 MNR René Barrientos Ortuño 1964-1965 (+1969)D military René Barrientos/Alfredo Ovando 1965-1966 military (co-presidents) Alfredo Ovando Candía 1966 (+1982) military René Barrientos Ortuño 1966-1969 (+)D civilian Luis Adolfo Siles Salinas 1969 ? civilian Alfredo Ovando Candía 1969-1970 (+1982) military Guachalla/Sattori/Albarracín 1970 military (triunvirate) Juan José Torres González 1970-1971 (+1976)A military Hugo Bánzer Suárez 1971-1978 military Juan Pereda Asbún 1978 military David Padilla Arancibia 1978-1979 military Walter Guevara Arze 1979 (+1996) civilian (caretaker) Alberto Natusch Busch 1979 military Lidia Gueyler Tejada 1979-1980 civilian (caretaker) Luis García Meza Tejada 1980-1981 military Torrelio/Bernal/Pammo 1981 military (triunvirate) Celso Torrelio Villa 1981-1982 military Guido Vildoso Calderón 1982 military Hernán Siles Zuazo 1982-1985 (+1996) MNRI Víctor Paz Estenssoro 1985-1989 MNR Jaime Paz Zamora 1989-1993 MIR Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada 1993-1997 MNR Hugo Bánzer Suárez 1997- ADN
Getúlio Dornelles Vargas 1930-1945 (+1954)S civilian José Linhares 1945-1946 (+1957) civilian (caretaker) Eurico Gaspar Dutra 1946-1951 (+1974) civilian Getúlio Dornelles Vargas 1951-1954 (+)S civilian João Café Filho 1954-1955 (+1970) civilian (caretaker) Carlos Coimbra da Luz 1955 ? civilian (caretaker) Nereu de Oliveira Ramos 1955-1956 (+1958)D civilian (caretaker) Juscelino Kubitschek de Oliveira 1956-1961 (+1976)D civilian Jânio da Silva Quadros 1961 (+1992) civilian Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli 1961 (+1975) civilian (caretaker) João Belchior Marques Goulart 1961-1964 (+1976) civilian Pascoal Ranieri Mazzilli 1964 (+1975) civilian (caretaker) Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco 1964-1967 (+1967)D military Arturo da Costa e Silva 1967-1969 (+1969) military Rademaker/Mello e Souza/Lyra Tavares 1969 military (triunvirate) Emilio Garrastazú Médici 1969-1974 (+1985) military Ernesto Geisel Beckmann 1974-1979 (+1996) military João Baptista de Oliveira Figueiredo 1979-1985 military José Sarney 1985-1990 civilian Fernando Collor de Mello 1990-1992 civilian Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco 1992-1995 civilian Fernando Henrique Cardoso 1995- civilian
Juan Antonio Ríos Morales 1942-1945 (+1946) FP Alfredo Duhalde Vásquez 1945-1946 ? FP (acting) Vicente Merino Bielech 1946 (+1977) FP Gabriel González Videla 1946-1952 (+1980) FP Carlos Ibáñez del Campo 1952-1958 (+1960) APL Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez 1958-1964 (+1986) PC Eduardo Frei Montalva 1964-1970 (+1982) PDC Salvador Allende Gossens 1970-1973 (+)S PS (1) Augusto Pinochet Ugarte 1973-1990 military (2) Patricio Aylwin Azócar 1990-1994 PDC (3) Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle 1994- PDC (3)
(2) General Augusto Pinochet headed the 1973-1974 Military Junta as Army commander and from 1974 to 1990 ruled as "supreme chief of the State". Also members of the Military Junta or Ruling Council were: admiral José Toribio Merino Castro (Navy commander, +1996), general Gustavo Leigh Guzmán (Air commander, replaced in 1978 by general Fernando Matthei Aubel) and general César Mendoza Durán (director of the Carabineros corp, +1996)
(3) The PDC comprises with others the coalition Concertation of Parties for Democracy (CPD) since 1989
Alberto Lleras Camargo 1945-1946 (+1990) liberal Mariano Ospina Pérez 1946-1950 (+1976) conservative Laureano Gómez Castro 1950-1951 (+1965) conservative Gilberto Alzate Avendaño 1951 ? (interim) Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez 1951-1953 (+1972) conservative (interim) Laureano Gómez Castro 1953 (+1965) conservative Gustavo Rojas Pinilla 1953-1957 (+1975) military Gabriel Paris 1957-1958 C.MJ, military (1) Alberto Lleras Camargo 1958-1962 (+1990) liberal Guillermo León Valencia 1962-1966 (+1971) conservative Carlos Lleras Restrepo 1966-1970 (+1994) liberal Misael Pastrana Borrero 1970-1974 (+1997) conservative Alfonso López Michelsen 1974-1978 liberal Julio César Turbay Ayala 1978-1982 liberal Belisario Betancur Cuartas 1982-1986 conservative Virgilio Barco Vargas 1986-1990 (+1997) liberal César Gaviria Trujillo 1990-1994 liberal Ernesto Samper Pizano 1994- liberal
Teodoro Picado 1944-1948 (+1960) Santos León Herrera 1948 ? (acting) José Figueres Ferrer 1948-1949 (+1990) Otilio Ulate Blanco 1949-1952 (+1973) PUN Alberto Oreamuno Flores 1952-1953 José Figueres Ferrer 1953-1958 (+1990) PLN Mario Echandi Jiménez 1958-1962 PUSC Francisco Orlich Bolmarich 1962-1966 (+1969) PLN José Joaquín Trejos Fernández 1966-1970 PUN José Figueres Ferrer 1970-1974 (+1990) PLN Daniel Oduber Quirós 1974-1978 (+1991) PLN Rodrigo Carazo Odio 1978-1982 UO Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez 1982-1986 PLN Óscar Arias Sánchez 1986-1990 PLN Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier 1990-1994 PUSC José María Figueres Olsen 1994- PLN
Rafael Leónidas Trujillo 1942-1952 (+1961)A civilian Héctor Bienvenido Trujillo 1952-1960 civilian (1) Joaquín Balaguer Ricardo 1960-1961 civilian (1) Joaquín Balaguer Ricardo 1961-1962 C.CS Pedro Rodríguez Echevarría 1962 ? Military Junta Rafael Filiberto Bonelly 1962-1963 (+1979) C.CS (acting) Juan Bosch Gaviño 1963 PRD Emilio de los Santos 1963 ? Civilian Junta Donald Reid Cabral 1963-1965 Civilian Junta (2) José Molina Ureña 1965 ? civilian (acting) Pedro Benoit 1965 ? Junta Francisco Caamaño Deñó 1965 (+1973)A Junta Antonio Imbert Barreras 1965 ? Junta (acting) Héctor García-Godoy Cáceres 1965-1966 (+1970) PRD (acting) Joaquín Balaguer Ricardo 1966-1978 PRSC Silvestre Antonio Guzmán Fernández 1978-1982 (+)S PRD Jacobo Majluta Azar 1982 (+1996) PRD (interim) Salvador Jorge Blanco 1982-1986 PRD Joaquín Balaguer Ricardo 1986-1996 PRSC Leonel Antonio Fernández Reyna 1996- PLD
José María Velasco Ibarra 1944-1947 (+1979) civilian Carlos Mancheno Cajas 1947 ? civilian Mariano Suárez Veintimilla 1947 (+1980) civilian (acting) Carlos Julio Arosemena Tola 1947-1948 (+1952) civilian (acting) Galo Plaza Lasso 1948-1952 (+1987) civilian José María Velasco Ibarra 1952-1956 (+1979) civilian Camilo Ponce Enríquez 1956-1960 (+1976) civilian José María Velasco Ibarra 1960-1961 (+1979) civilian Camilo Gallegos Toledo 1961 ? civilian (acting) Carlos Julio Arosemena Monroy 1961-1963 civilian (acting) Raúl Castro Jijón 1963-1966 C.MJ, military (1) Clemente Yerovi Indaburu 1966 (+1981) civilian (acting) Otto Arosemena Gómez 1966-1968 (+1984) civilian (acting) José María Velasco Ibarra 1968-1972 (+1979) civilian Guillermo Rodríguez Lara 1972-1976 military Alfredo Poveda Burbano 1976-1979 (+1990) C.SCG, military (2) Jaime Roldós Aguilera 1979-1981 (+)D civilian Osvaldo Hurtado Larrea 1981-1984 civilian León Febres Cordero Rivadeneira 1984-1988 civilian Rodrigo Borja Cevallos 1988-1992 civilian Sixto Durán-Ballén Córdovez 1992-1996 civilian Abdalá Bucaram Ortíz 1996-1997 civilian Rosalía Arteaga Serrano 1997 civilian (acting) Fabián Alarcón 1997- civilian (interim)
(2) 1976-1979 Supreme Council of Government (military junta) members: Alfredo Poveda Burvano (+1990), Luis Leoro Franco and Guillermo Durán Arcentales
Salvador Castañeda Castro 1945-1948 (+1966) civilian Manuel de Jesús Córdova 1948-1950 ? C.RRC, military-civilian Óscar Osorio 1950-1956 (+1969) PRUD José María Lemus 1956-1960 (+1993) PRUD Miguel Ángel Castillo 1960-1961 C.J military-civilian (1) Aníbal Portillo 1961-1962 C.J military-civilian (2) Eusebio Rodolfo Cordón Cea 1962 ? civilian (acting) Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo 1962-1967 (+1973) PCN Fidel Sánchez Hernández 1967-1972 PCN Arturo Armando Molina Barraza 1972-1977 PCN Carlos Humberto Romero Mena 1977-1979 PCN Majano/Gutiérrez/Mayorga/Andino/Ungo 1979-1980 Junta, military-civilian (3) José Napoleón Duarte Fuentes 1980-1982 (+1990) PDC Álvaro Alfredo Magaña Borjo 1982-1984 civilian (acting) José Napoleón Duarte Fuentes 1984-1989 (+1990) PDC Alfredo Cristiani Burkard 1989-1994 ARENA Armando Calderón Sol 1994- ARENA
(2) Five men --- three civilians and two servicemen --- comprised the 1961-1962 Directorium or Junta. Following internal rifts it was reduced to two members: Aníbal Portillo (chairman, mil.) and Feliciano Avelar (civ.)
(3) 1979-1980 junta members: Adolfo Arnaldo Majano (mil.), Román Mayorga, Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez (mil.), Guillermo Manuel Ungo (civ., +1991) and Mario Andino. Members by 1980: Adolfo Arnoldo Majano and Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez
Juan José Arévalo 1945-1951 (+1990) PAR Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán 1951-1954 (+1971) PAR Carlos Enrique Díaz 1954 ? military Sánchez/Monzón/Díaz 1954 Military Junta (1) Carlos Castillo Armas 1954-1957 (+)A military Luis Arturo González López 1957 (+1965) civilian (acting) Mendiza/Yurrita/Lorenzana 1957 Military Junta (2) Guillermo Flores Avendaño 1957-1958 ? military (acting) Miguel Ramón Ydígoras Fuentes 1958-1963 (+1982) PRN Enrique Peralta Azurdia 1963-1966 (+1997) military Julio César Méndez Montenegro 1966-1970 (+1996) PR Carlos Manuel Arana Osorio 1970-1974 MLN/PID Kjell Eugenio Laugerud García 1974-1978 MLN/PID Fernando Romeo Lucas García 1978-1982 MLN/PR Efraín Ríos Montt 1982-1983 military Óscar Humberto Mejía Víctores 1983-1986 military Marco Vinicio Cerezo Arévalo 1986-1991 PDCG Jorge Antonio Serrano Elías 1991-1993 MAS Ramiro de León Carpio 1993-1996 non-party Álvaro Arzú Yrigoyen 1996- PAN
(2) 1957 Military Junta members: Óscar Mendiza, Gonzalo Yurrita and Roberto Lorenzana
PNC: People's National Congress
PPP: People's Progressive Party
Arthur Chung 1970-1980 Forbes Burnham 1980-1985 (+) PNC Hugh Desmond Hoyte 1985-1992 PNC Cheddi Jagan 1992-1997 (+) PPP Samuel Hinds 1997 PPP Janet Jagan 1997- PPP
Forbes Burnham 1966-1980 (+1985) PNC Ptolemy Reid 1980-1984 PNC Hugh Desmond Hoyte 1984-1985 PNC Hamilton Green 1985-1992 PNC Samuel Hinds 1992-1997 PPP Janet Jagan 1997 PPP Samuel Hinds 1997- PPP
ELIE LESCOT 1941-1946 (+1974) civilian DUMARSAIS ESTIME 1946-1950 (+1953) civilian PAUL MAGLOIRE 1950-1956 civilian/military JOSEPH NEMOURS PIERRE-LOUIS 1956-1957 ? civilian (acting) FRANK SYLVAIN 1957 ? civilian (acting) LEON CANTAVE 1957 ? civilian (acting) DANIEL FIGNOLE 1957 (+1986) civilian (acting) ANTOINE KEBREAU 1957 (+1963) military FRANCOIS DUVALIER 1957-1971 (+) civilian JEAN-CLAUDE DUVALIER 1971-1986 civilian HENRY NAMPHY 1986-1988 C.NCG, military LESLIE MANIGAT 1988 civilian HENRY NAMPHY 1988 military PROSPER AVRIL 1988-1990 military HERARD ABRAHAM 1990 military ERTHA PASCAL TROUILLOT 1990-1991 civilian (caretaker) JEAN-BERTRAND ARISTIDE 1991 civilian RAOUL CEDRAS 1991 military junta (1) JOSEPH NERETTE 1991-1992 military (interim) (2) EMILE JONASSAINT 1994 (+1995) military (interim) (2) JEAN-BERTRAND ARISTIDE 1994-1996 civilian (3) RENE PREVAL 1996- civilian(1) In 1991-1994 Raoul Cedras, Philippe Biamby and Joseph Francois turned up as members of the virtual military trimvirate
(2) Interim civilian president under military rule
(3) J.-B. Aristide was recognized as legal president of Haiti in exile by the international community during the military rule
MARTIAL CELESTIN 1988 RENE PREVAL 1991 JEAN-JACQUES HONORAT 1991-1992 (interim) MARC BAZIN 1992-1993 (acting) (4) ROBERT MALVAL 1993-1994 (acting) (4) SMARCK MICHEL 1994-1995 CLAUDETTE WERLEIGH 1995-1996 ROSNY SMARTH 1996-1997(4) "Acting" civilian prime minister, under military rule
Tiburcio Carías Andino 1933-1949 (+1969) PN Juan Manuel Gálvez 1949-1954 (+1955) PN Juan Lozano Díaz 1954-1956 (+1957) PN Roque Rodríguez 1956-1957 C.MJ, military (1) Ramón Villeda Morales 1957-1963 (+1971) PLH Oswaldo López Arellano 1963-1965 C.MJ, military Oswaldo López Arellano 1965-1971 PN Ramón Ernesto Cruz 1971-1972 (+1985) PN Oswaldo López Arellano 1972-1975 military Juan Alberto Melgar Castro 1975-1978 (+1987) military Policarpo Paz García 1978-1980 C.MJ, military (2) Policarpo Paz García 1980-1982 civilian (caretaker) Roberto Suazo Córdova 1982-1986 PLH José Azcona Hoyo 1986-1990 PLH Rafael Leonardo Callejas Romero 1990-1994 PN Carlos Roberto Reina Idiáquez 1994-1998 PLH Carlos Roberto Flores Facussé 1998- PLH
Alexander Bustamante 1962-1967 (+1977) JLP Donald Burns Sangster 1967 (+) JLP Hugh Lawson Shearer 1967-1972 JLP Michael Manley 1972-1980 (+1997) PNP Edward Seaga 1980-1989 JLP Michael Manley 1989-1992 (+1997) PNP Percival James Patterson 1992- PNP
Manuel Ávila Camacho 1940-1946 (+1955) PRI
Miguel Alemán Valdés 1946-1952 (+1983) PRI
Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 1952-1958 (+1973) PRI
Adolfo López Mateos 1958-1964 (+1969) PRI
Gustavo Díaz Ordaz 1964-1970 (+1979) PRI
Luis Echeverría Álvarez 1970-1976 PRI
José López-Portillo y Pacheco 1976-1982 PRI
Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado 1982-1988 PRI
Carlos Salinas de Gortari 1988-1994 PRI
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León 1994-
PRI
Anastasio Somoza García 1937-1947 (+1956)A Leonardo Argüello 1947 (+1947) Benjamïn Lacayo Sacasa 1947 (+1959) Vïctor Manuel Román Reyes 1947-1950 (+) Anastasio Somoza García 1950-1956 (+)A Luis Somoza Debayle 1956-1963 (+1967) René Schick Gutiérrez 1963-1966 (+) Lorenzo Guerrero Gutiérrez 1966-1967 ? (acting) Anastasio Somoza Debayle 1967-1972 (+1980)A Lacayo/Lobo/Agüero 1972-1974 (1) Anastasio Somoza Debayle 1974-1979 (+1980)A Francisco Urcuyo Maliano 1979 ? 1979-1985 JGRN (2) Daniel Ortega Saavedra 1985-1990 Violeta Barrios de Chamorro 1990-1997 Arnoldo Alemán 1997-(1) 1972-1974 Triumvirate members: Roberto Martínez Lacayo, Alfonso Lobo Cordero and Fernando Agüero
(2) 1979-1980 JGRN's members: Daniel Ortega Saavadra, Moisés
Hassán Morales, Violeta Barrios de Chamorro, Alfonso Robelo and
Sergio Ramírez Mercado.
1980-1981 JGRN's members: Daniel Ortega Saavedra, Moisés Hassán
Morales, Sergio Ramírez Mercado, Rafael Córdova Rivas and
Arturo Cruz.
1981-1985 JGRN's members: Daniel Ortega Saavedra (as coordinator),
Sergio Ramírez Mercado and Rafael Córdova Rivas
ENRIQUE ADOLFO JIMENEZ 1945-1948 (+1970) DOMINGO DIAS AROSEMENA 1948-1949 (+1949) DANIEL CHANIS 1949 (+1961) ROBERTO FRANCISCO CHIARI 1949 (+1981) ARNULFO ARIAS 1949-1951 (+1988) ALCIBIADES AROSEMENA 1951-1952 (+1958) JOSE A. REMON CANTERA 1952-1955 (+)A JOSE RAMON GUIZADO 1955 (+1964) (acting) RICARDO ARIAS ESPINOSA 1955-1956 (+1993) ERNESTO DE LA GUARDIA 1956-1960 (+1983) ROBERTO FRANCISCO CHIARI 1960-1964 (+1981) MARCO AURELIO ROBLES 1964-1968 ? ARNULFO ARIAS 1968 (+1988) ** Ruling Junta ** 1968-1969 (1) JOSE MARIA PINILLA 1969 (+1979) (2) DEMETRIO LAKAS 1969-1978 ARISTIDES ROYO 1978-1982 RICARDO DE LA ESPRIELLA 1982-1984 (3) JORGE ILLUECA 1984 NICOLAS ARDITO BARLETTA 1984-1985 ERIC ARTURO DEL VALLE 1985-1988 MANUEL SOLIS PALMA 1988-1989 FRANCISCO RODRIGUEZ 1989 GUILLERMO ENDARA 1989-1994 ERNESTO PEREZ BALLADARES 1994-(1) Omar Torrijos ruled as the Junta leader in the term 1968-1972, as prime minister in 1972-1978, and untill his death in plane crash in 1981, went on as de facto leader.
(2) Members of the military junta: Jose Manuel Pinilla and Bolivar Urrutia
(3) General Manuel Antonio Noriega, commander of the National Guard, became the strongman in 1983-1989.
HIGINIO MORIÑIGO 1940-1948 (+1983) JUAN MANUEL FRUTOS 1948 (+1960) (acting) JUAN NATALICIO GONZALEZ 1948-1949 (+1966) RAIMUNDO ROLON 1949 (+1981) (acting) FELIPE MOLAS LOPEZ 1949 (+1954) FEDERICO CHAVEZ 1949-1954 (+1978) TOMAS ROMERO PEREIRA 1954 (+1982) (acting) ALFREDO STROESSNER 1954-1989 ANDRES RODRIGUEZ 1989-1993 (+1997) JUAN CARLOS WASMOSY 1993-
José Luis Bustamante Rivero 1945-1948 (+1989) FD (1) Manuel Apolinario Odría Amoretti 1948-1956 (+1974) military Manuel Prado Ugarteche 1956-1962 (+1967) PDP Ricardo Pío Pérez Godoy 1962 (+1982) military Nicolás Lindley López 1962-1963 ? military Fernando Belaúnde Terry 1963-1968 AP Juan Velasco Alvarado 1968-1975 (+1977) military Francisco Morales Bermúdez 1975-1980 military Fernando Belaúnde Terry 1980-1985 AP Alan García Pérez 1985-1990 APRA Alberto Fujimori Kenyo 1990- C '90(1) Coalition dominated by APRA
JOHAN H. E. FERRIER 1975-1980 civilian HENDRICK R. CHIN A SEN 1980 civilian HENDRICK R. CHIN A SEN 1980-1982 NMC, military (1) LACHMIPERSAD F. RAMDAT-MISIER 1982-1988 NMC, military (acting) (1) RAMSEWAK SHANKAR 1988-1990 civilian IWAN GRAANOOGST 1990 military JOHANNES S. KRAAG 1990-1991 civilian RONALD VENETIAAN 1991-1996 civilian JULES WIJDENBOSCH 1996-(1) Civilian presidents under military rule. The 1980-1988 NMC was chaired by Desire Bouterse
HENCK ARRON 1975-1980 HENDRICK R. CHIN A SEN 1980-1982 HENRY NEYHORST 1982-1983 ERROL ALIBUX 1983-1984 WIM UDENHOUT 1984-1986 PRETAAPNARIAN RADHAKISHUN 1986-1987 JULES WIJDENBOSCH 1987-1988 HENCK ARRON 1988-1990 JULES WIJDENBOSCH 1991 JULES ADJODHIA 1991-1996 PRETAAPNARIAN RADHAKISHUN 1996-
Ellis Clarke 1976-1987 Noor Mohammad Hassanali 1987-1997 Arthur Robinson 1997-
Eric Williams 1976-1981 (+) PNM George Chambers 1981-1986 (+1997) PNM Arthur Robinson 1986-1991 NAR Patrick Manning 1991-1995 PNM Basdeo Panday 1995- UNC
Juan José Amézaga 1943-1947 (+1956) Tomás Berreta 1947 (+) PC Luis Conrado Batlle Berres 1947-1951 (+1964) PC Andrés Martínez Trueba 1951-1952 (+1959) Andrés Martínez Trueba 1952-1954 (+1959) 1st NRC Daniel Fernández Crespo 1954-1955 (+1964) 1st NRC Luis Conrado Batlle Berres 1955-1956 (+1964) 1st NRC Alberto Fermín Zubiría 1956-1957 ? 1st NRC Arturo Lezama 1957-1958 (+1964) 1st NRC Carlos Fisher 1958-1959 ? 1st NRC Benito Nardone 1959-1960 (+1964) 2nd NRC Martín Echegoyen 1960-1961 (+1974) 2nd NRC Eduardo Víctor Haedo 1961-1962 (+1970) 2nd NRC Escribano Faustino Harrison 1962-1963 (+1963) 2nd NRC Daniel Fernández Crespo 1963-1964 (+1964) 3rd NRC Luis Giannattasio 1964-1965 (+1965) 3rd NRC Washington Beltrán 1965-1966 3rd NRC Alberto Héber Usher 1966-1967 ? 3rd NRC Óscar Diego Gestido 1967 (+) PC Jorge Pacheco Areco 1967-1972 PC Juan María Bordaberry Arocena 1972-1976 PC Alberto Demicheli 1976 (+1980) military, interim (1) Aparicio Méndez 1976-1981 (+1988) military (1) Gregorio Conrado Álvarez Armellino 1981-1985 military Julio María Sanguinetti Cairolo 1985-1990 PC Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera 1990-1995 PN Julio María Sanguinetti Cairolo 1995- PC(1) Civilian president under military rule
Isaías Medina Angarita 1941-1945 (+1953) civilian Rómulo Betancourt 1945 C.RRJ, military-civilian Rómulo Betancourt 1945-1948 (+1981) AD (interim) Rómulo Gallegos Freire 1948 (+1969) AD Carlos Delgado Chalbaud 1948-1950 (+)A C.RJ, military (1) Germán Suárez Flamerich 1950-1952 ? C.RJ, military (2) Marcos Pérez Jiménez 1952-1958 military Wolfgang Larrazábal 1958 (+1970) C.RJ, military (3) Edgard Sanabria 1958-1959 (+1989) (interim) Rómulo Betancourt 1959-1964 (+1981) AD Raúl Leoni 1964-1969 (+1972) AD Rafael Caldera Rodríguez 1969-1974 COPEI Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez 1974-1979 AD Luis Herrera Campins 1979-1984 COPEI Jaime Lusinchi 1984-1989 AD Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez 1989-1993 AD Octavio Lepage 1993 (acting) Ramón José Velásquez 1993-1994 (interim) Rafael Caldera Rodríguez 1994- CD
(2) 1950-1952 military Junta members: Germán Suárez Flamerich (civ.), Marcos Pérez Jiménez and Luis Llovera Páez
(3) 1958 military Junta members: Wolfgang Larrazábal, Roberto Casanova and Abel Romero
Roberto Ortiz de Zarate
ziaorarr@jet.es